Theory Imperative_Quicksort
section ‹An imperative implementation of Quicksort on arrays›
theory Imperative_Quicksort
imports
"../Imperative_HOL"
Subarray
"HOL-Library.Multiset"
"HOL-Library.Code_Target_Numeral"
begin
text ‹We prove QuickSort correct in the Relational Calculus.›
definition swap :: "'a::heap array ⇒ nat ⇒ nat ⇒ unit Heap"
where
"swap arr i j =
do {
x ← Array.nth arr i;
y ← Array.nth arr j;
Array.upd i y arr;
Array.upd j x arr;
return ()
}"
lemma effect_swapI [effect_intros]:
assumes "i < Array.length h a" "j < Array.length h a"
"x = Array.get h a ! i" "y = Array.get h a ! j"
"h' = Array.update a j x (Array.update a i y h)"
shows "effect (swap a i j) h h' r"
unfolding swap_def using assms by (auto intro!: effect_intros)
lemma swap_permutes:
assumes "effect (swap a i j) h h' rs"
shows "mset (Array.get h' a)
= mset (Array.get h a)"
using assms
unfolding swap_def
by (auto simp add: Array.length_def mset_swap dest: sym [of _ "h'"] elim!: effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_returnE effect_updE)
function part1 :: "'a::{heap,ord} array ⇒ nat ⇒ nat ⇒ 'a ⇒ nat Heap"
where
"part1 a left right p = (
if (right ≤ left) then return right
else do {
v ← Array.nth a left;
(if (v ≤ p) then (part1 a (left + 1) right p)
else (do { swap a left right;
part1 a left (right - 1) p }))
})"
by pat_completeness auto
termination
by (relation "measure (λ(_,l,r,_). r - l )") auto
declare part1.simps[simp del]
lemma part_permutes:
assumes "effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs"
shows "mset (Array.get h' a)
= mset (Array.get h a)"
using assms
proof (induct a l r p arbitrary: h h' rs rule:part1.induct)
case (1 a l r p h h' rs)
thus ?case
unfolding part1.simps [of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_ifE effect_returnE effect_nthE) (auto simp add: swap_permutes)
qed
lemma part_returns_index_in_bounds:
assumes "effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs"
assumes "l ≤ r"
shows "l ≤ rs ∧ rs ≤ r"
using assms
proof (induct a l r p arbitrary: h h' rs rule:part1.induct)
case (1 a l r p h h' rs)
note cr = ‹effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs›
show ?case
proof (cases "r ≤ l")
case True
with cr ‹l ≤ r› show ?thesis
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_ifE effect_returnE effect_nthE) auto
next
case False
note rec_condition = this
let ?v = "Array.get h a ! l"
show ?thesis
proof (cases "?v ≤ p")
case True
with cr False
have rec1: "effect (part1 a (l + 1) r p) h h' rs"
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_returnE) auto
from rec_condition have "l + 1 ≤ r" by arith
from 1(1)[OF rec_condition True rec1 ‹l + 1 ≤ r›]
show ?thesis by simp
next
case False
with rec_condition cr
obtain h1 where swp: "effect (swap a l r) h h1 ()"
and rec2: "effect (part1 a l (r - 1) p) h1 h' rs"
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_returnE) auto
from rec_condition have "l ≤ r - 1" by arith
from 1(2) [OF rec_condition False rec2 ‹l ≤ r - 1›] show ?thesis by fastforce
qed
qed
qed
lemma part_length_remains:
assumes "effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs"
shows "Array.length h a = Array.length h' a"
using assms
proof (induct a l r p arbitrary: h h' rs rule:part1.induct)
case (1 a l r p h h' rs)
note cr = ‹effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs›
show ?case
proof (cases "r ≤ l")
case True
with cr show ?thesis
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_ifE effect_returnE effect_nthE) auto
next
case False
with cr 1 show ?thesis
unfolding part1.simps [of a l r p] swap_def
by (auto elim!: effect_bindE effect_ifE effect_nthE effect_returnE effect_updE) fastforce
qed
qed
lemma part_outer_remains:
assumes "effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs"
shows "∀i. i < l ∨ r < i ⟶ Array.get h (a::'a::{heap,linorder} array) ! i = Array.get h' a ! i"
using assms
proof (induct a l r p arbitrary: h h' rs rule:part1.induct)
case (1 a l r p h h' rs)
note cr = ‹effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs›
show ?case
proof (cases "r ≤ l")
case True
with cr show ?thesis
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_ifE effect_returnE effect_nthE) auto
next
case False
note rec_condition = this
let ?v = "Array.get h a ! l"
show ?thesis
proof (cases "?v ≤ p")
case True
with cr False
have rec1: "effect (part1 a (l + 1) r p) h h' rs"
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_returnE) auto
from 1(1)[OF rec_condition True rec1]
show ?thesis by fastforce
next
case False
with rec_condition cr
obtain h1 where swp: "effect (swap a l r) h h1 ()"
and rec2: "effect (part1 a l (r - 1) p) h1 h' rs"
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_returnE) auto
from swp rec_condition have
"∀i. i < l ∨ r < i ⟶ Array.get h a ! i = Array.get h1 a ! i"
unfolding swap_def
by (elim effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_updE effect_returnE) auto
with 1(2) [OF rec_condition False rec2] show ?thesis by fastforce
qed
qed
qed
lemma part_partitions:
assumes "effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs"
shows "(∀i. l ≤ i ∧ i < rs ⟶ Array.get h' (a::'a::{heap,linorder} array) ! i ≤ p)
∧ (∀i. rs < i ∧ i ≤ r ⟶ Array.get h' a ! i ≥ p)"
using assms
proof (induct a l r p arbitrary: h h' rs rule:part1.induct)
case (1 a l r p h h' rs)
note cr = ‹effect (part1 a l r p) h h' rs›
show ?case
proof (cases "r ≤ l")
case True
with cr have "rs = r"
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_ifE effect_returnE effect_nthE) auto
with True
show ?thesis by auto
next
case False
note lr = this
let ?v = "Array.get h a ! l"
show ?thesis
proof (cases "?v ≤ p")
case True
with lr cr
have rec1: "effect (part1 a (l + 1) r p) h h' rs"
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_returnE) auto
from True part_outer_remains[OF rec1] have a_l: "Array.get h' a ! l ≤ p"
by fastforce
have "∀i. (l ≤ i = (l = i ∨ Suc l ≤ i))" by arith
with 1(1)[OF False True rec1] a_l show ?thesis
by auto
next
case False
with lr cr
obtain h1 where swp: "effect (swap a l r) h h1 ()"
and rec2: "effect (part1 a l (r - 1) p) h1 h' rs"
unfolding part1.simps[of a l r p]
by (elim effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_returnE) auto
from swp False have "Array.get h1 a ! r ≥ p"
unfolding swap_def
by (auto simp add: Array.length_def elim!: effect_bindE effect_nthE effect_updE effect_returnE)
with part_outer_remains [OF rec2] lr have a_r: "Array.get h' a ! r ≥ p"
by fastforce
have "∀i. (i ≤ r = (i = r ∨ i ≤ r - 1))" by arith
with 1(2)[OF lr False rec2] a_r show ?thesis
by auto
qed
qed
qed
fun partition :: "'a::{heap,linorder} array ⇒ nat ⇒ nat ⇒ nat Heap"
where
"partition a left right = do {
pivot ← Array.nth a right;
middle ← part1 a left (right - 1) pivot;
v ← Array.nth a middle;
m ← return (if (v ≤ pivot) then (middle + 1) else middle);
swap a m right;
return m
}"
declare partition.simps[simp del]
lemma partition_permutes:
assumes "effect (partition a l r) h h' rs"
shows "mset (Array.get h' a)
= mset (Array.get h a)"
proof -
from assms part_permutes swap_permutes show ?thesis
unfolding partition.simps
by (elim effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_updE) fastforce
qed
lemma partition_length_remains:
assumes "effect (partition a l r) h h' rs"
shows "Array.length h a = Array.length h' a"
proof -
from assms part_length_remains show ?thesis
unfolding partition.simps swap_def
by (elim effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_updE) auto
qed
lemma partition_outer_remains:
assumes "effect (partition a l r) h h' rs"
assumes "l < r"
shows "∀i. i < l ∨ r < i ⟶ Array.get h (a::'a::{heap,linorder} array) ! i = Array.get h' a ! i"
proof -
from assms part_outer_remains part_returns_index_in_bounds show ?thesis
unfolding partition.simps swap_def
by (elim effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_updE) fastforce
qed
lemma partition_returns_index_in_bounds:
assumes effect: "effect (partition a l r) h h' rs"
assumes "l < r"
shows "l ≤ rs ∧ rs ≤ r"
proof -
from effect obtain middle h'' p where part: "effect (part1 a l (r - 1) p) h h'' middle"
and rs_equals: "rs = (if Array.get h'' a ! middle ≤ Array.get h a ! r then middle + 1
else middle)"
unfolding partition.simps
by (elim effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_updE) simp
from ‹l < r› have "l ≤ r - 1" by arith
from part_returns_index_in_bounds[OF part this] rs_equals ‹l < r› show ?thesis by auto
qed
lemma partition_partitions:
assumes effect: "effect (partition a l r) h h' rs"
assumes "l < r"
shows "(∀i. l ≤ i ∧ i < rs ⟶ Array.get h' (a::'a::{heap,linorder} array) ! i ≤ Array.get h' a ! rs) ∧
(∀i. rs < i ∧ i ≤ r ⟶ Array.get h' a ! rs ≤ Array.get h' a ! i)"
proof -
let ?pivot = "Array.get h a ! r"
from effect obtain middle h1 where part: "effect (part1 a l (r - 1) ?pivot) h h1 middle"
and swap: "effect (swap a rs r) h1 h' ()"
and rs_equals: "rs = (if Array.get h1 a ! middle ≤ ?pivot then middle + 1
else middle)"
unfolding partition.simps
by (elim effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_ifE effect_updE) simp
from swap have h'_def: "h' = Array.update a r (Array.get h1 a ! rs)
(Array.update a rs (Array.get h1 a ! r) h1)"
unfolding swap_def
by (elim effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_updE) simp
from swap have in_bounds: "r < Array.length h1 a ∧ rs < Array.length h1 a"
unfolding swap_def
by (elim effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_updE) simp
from swap have swap_length_remains: "Array.length h1 a = Array.length h' a"
unfolding swap_def by (elim effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_updE) auto
from ‹l < r› have "l ≤ r - 1" by simp
note middle_in_bounds = part_returns_index_in_bounds[OF part this]
from part_outer_remains[OF part] ‹l < r›
have "Array.get h a ! r = Array.get h1 a ! r"
by fastforce
with swap
have right_remains: "Array.get h a ! r = Array.get h' a ! rs"
unfolding swap_def
by (auto simp add: Array.length_def elim!: effect_bindE effect_returnE effect_nthE effect_updE) (cases "r = rs", auto)
from part_partitions [OF part]
show ?thesis
proof (cases "Array.get h1 a ! middle ≤ ?pivot")
case True
with rs_equals have rs_equals: "rs = middle + 1" by simp
{
fix i
assume i_is_left: "l ≤ i ∧ i < rs"
with swap_length_remains in_bounds middle_in_bounds rs_equals ‹l < r›
have i_props: "i < Array.length h' a" "i ≠ r" "i ≠ rs" by auto
from i_is_left rs_equals have "l ≤ i ∧ i < middle ∨ i = middle" by arith
with part_partitions[OF part] right_remains True
have "Array.get h1 a ! i ≤ Array.get h' a ! rs" by fastforce
with i_props h'_def in_bounds have "Array.get h' a ! i ≤ Array.get h' a ! rs"
unfolding Array.update_def Array.length_def by simp
}
moreover
{
fix i
assume "rs < i ∧ i ≤ r"
hence "(rs < i ∧ i ≤ r - 1) ∨ (rs < i ∧ i = r)" by arith
hence "Array.get h' a ! rs ≤ Array.get h' a ! i"
proof
assume i_is: "rs < i ∧ i ≤ r - 1"
with swap_length_remains in_bounds middle_in_bounds rs_equals
have i_props: "i < Array.length h' a" "i ≠ r" "i ≠ rs" by auto
from part_partitions[OF part] rs_equals right_remains i_is
have "Array.get h' a ! rs ≤ Array.get h1 a ! i"
by fastforce
with i_props h'_def show ?thesis by fastforce
next
assume i_is: "rs < i ∧ i = r"
with rs_equals have "Suc middle ≠ r" by arith
with middle_in_bounds ‹l < r› have "Suc middle ≤ r - 1" by arith
with part_partitions[OF part] right_remains
have "Array.get h' a ! rs ≤ Array.get h1 a ! (Suc middle)"
by fastforce
with i_is True rs_equals right_remains h'_def
show ?thesis using in_bounds
unfolding Array.update_def Array.length_def
by auto
qed
}
ultimately show ?thesis by auto
next
case False
with rs_equals have rs_equals: "middle = rs" by simp
{
fix i
assume i_is_left: "l ≤ i ∧ i < rs"
with swap_length_remains in_bounds middle_in_bounds rs_equals
have i_props: "i < Array.length h' a" "i ≠ r" "i ≠ rs" by auto
from part_partitions[OF part] rs_equals right_remains i_is_left
have "Array.get h1 a ! i ≤ Array.get h' a ! rs" by fastforce
with i_props h'_def have "Array.get h' a ! i ≤ Array.get h' a ! rs"
unfolding Array.update_def by simp
}
moreover
{
fix i
assume "rs < i ∧ i ≤ r"
hence "(rs < i ∧ i ≤ r - 1) ∨ i = r" by arith
hence "Array.get h' a ! rs ≤ Array.get h' a ! i"
proof
assume i_is: "rs < i ∧ i ≤ r - 1"
with swap_length_remains in_bounds middle_in_bounds rs_equals
have i_props: "i < Array.length h' a" "i ≠ r" "i ≠ rs" by auto
from part_partitions[OF part] rs_equals right_remains i_is
have "Array.get h' a ! rs ≤ Array.get h1 a ! i"
by fastforce
with i_props h'_def show ?thesis by fastforce
next
assume i_is: "i = r"
from i_is False rs_equals right_remains h'_def
show ?thesis using in_bounds
unfolding Array.update_def Array.length_def
by auto
qed
}
ultimately
show ?thesis by auto
qed
qed
function quicksort :: "'a::{heap,linorder} array ⇒ nat ⇒ nat ⇒ unit Heap"
where
"quicksort arr left right =
(if (right > left) then
do {
pivotNewIndex ← partition arr left right;
pivotNewIndex ← assert (λx. left ≤ x ∧ x ≤ right) pivotNewIndex;
quicksort arr left (pivotNewIndex - 1);
quicksort arr (pivotNewIndex + 1) right
}
else return ())"
by pat_completeness auto
termination
by (relation "measure (λ(a, l, r). (r - l))") auto
declare quicksort.simps[simp del]
lemma quicksort_permutes:
assumes "effect (quicksort a l r) h h' rs"
shows "mset (Array.get h' a)
= mset (Array.get h a)"
using assms
proof (induct a l r arbitrary: h h' rs rule: quicksort.induct)
case (1 a l r h h' rs)
with partition_permutes show ?case
unfolding quicksort.simps [of a l r]
by (elim effect_ifE effect_bindE effect_assertE effect_returnE) auto
qed
lemma length_remains:
assumes "effect (quicksort a l r) h h' rs"
shows "Array.length h a = Array.length h' a"
using assms
proof (induct a l r arbitrary: h h' rs rule: quicksort.induct)
case (1 a l r h h' rs)
with partition_length_remains show ?case
unfolding quicksort.simps [of a l r]
by (elim effect_ifE effect_bindE effect_assertE effect_returnE) fastforce+
qed
lemma quicksort_outer_remains:
assumes "effect (quicksort a l r) h h' rs"
shows "∀i. i < l ∨ r < i ⟶ Array.get h (a::'a::{heap,linorder} array) ! i = Array.get h' a ! i"
using assms
proof (induct a l r arbitrary: h h' rs rule: quicksort.induct)
case (1 a l r h h' rs)
note cr = ‹effect (quicksort a l r) h h' rs›
thus ?case
proof (cases "r > l")
case False
with cr have "h' = h"
unfolding quicksort.simps [of a l r]
by (elim effect_ifE effect_returnE) auto
thus ?thesis by simp
next
case True
{
fix h1 h2 p ret1 ret2 i
assume part: "effect (partition a l r) h h1 p"
assume qs1: "effect (quicksort a l (p - 1)) h1 h2 ret1"
assume qs2: "effect (quicksort a (p + 1) r) h2 h' ret2"
assume pivot: "l ≤ p ∧ p ≤ r"
assume i_outer: "i < l ∨ r < i"
from partition_outer_remains [OF part True] i_outer
have 2: "Array.get h a !i = Array.get h1 a ! i" by fastforce
moreover
from 1(1) [OF True pivot qs1] pivot i_outer 2
have 3: "Array.get h1 a ! i = Array.get h2 a ! i" by auto
moreover
from qs2 1(2) [of p h2 h' ret2] True pivot i_outer 3
have "Array.get h2 a ! i = Array.get h' a ! i" by auto
ultimately have "Array.get h a ! i= Array.get h' a ! i" by simp
}
with cr show ?thesis
unfolding quicksort.simps [of a l r]
by (elim effect_ifE effect_bindE effect_assertE effect_returnE) auto
qed
qed
lemma quicksort_is_skip:
assumes "effect (quicksort a l r) h h' rs"
shows "r ≤ l ⟶ h = h'"
using assms
unfolding quicksort.simps [of a l r]
by (elim effect_ifE effect_returnE) auto
lemma quicksort_sorts:
assumes "effect (quicksort a l r) h h' rs"
assumes l_r_length: "l < Array.length h a" "r < Array.length h a"
shows "sorted (subarray l (r + 1) a h')"
using assms
proof (induct a l r arbitrary: h h' rs rule: quicksort.induct)
case (1 a l r h h' rs)
note cr = ‹effect (quicksort a l r) h h' rs›
thus ?case
proof (cases "r > l")
case False
hence "l ≥ r + 1 ∨ l = r" by arith
with length_remains[OF cr] 1(5) show ?thesis
by (auto simp add: subarray_Nil subarray_single)
next
case True
{
fix h1 h2 p
assume part: "effect (partition a l r) h h1 p"
assume qs1: "effect (quicksort a l (p - 1)) h1 h2 ()"
assume qs2: "effect (quicksort a (p + 1) r) h2 h' ()"
from partition_returns_index_in_bounds [OF part True]
have pivot: "l≤ p ∧ p ≤ r" .
note length_remains = length_remains[OF qs2] length_remains[OF qs1] partition_length_remains[OF part]
from quicksort_outer_remains [OF qs2] quicksort_outer_remains [OF qs1] pivot quicksort_is_skip[OF qs1]
have pivot_unchanged: "Array.get h1 a ! p = Array.get h' a ! p" by (cases p, auto)
from 1(1)[OF True pivot qs1] length_remains pivot 1(5)
have IH1: "sorted (subarray l p a h2)" by (cases p, auto simp add: subarray_Nil)
from quicksort_outer_remains [OF qs2] length_remains
have left_subarray_remains: "subarray l p a h2 = subarray l p a h'"
by (simp add: subarray_eq_samelength_iff)
with IH1 have IH1': "sorted (subarray l p a h')" by simp
from 1(2)[OF True pivot qs2] pivot 1(5) length_remains
have IH2: "sorted (subarray (p + 1) (r + 1) a h')"
by (cases "Suc p ≤ r", auto simp add: subarray_Nil)
from partition_partitions[OF part True]
have part_conds1: "∀j. j ∈ set (subarray l p a h1) ⟶ j ≤ Array.get h1 a ! p "
and part_conds2: "∀j. j ∈ set (subarray (p + 1) (r + 1) a h1) ⟶ Array.get h1 a ! p ≤ j"
by (auto simp add: all_in_set_subarray_conv)
from quicksort_outer_remains [OF qs1] quicksort_permutes [OF qs1] True
length_remains 1(5) pivot mset_nths [of l p "Array.get h1 a" "Array.get h2 a"]
have multiset_partconds1: "mset (subarray l p a h2) = mset (subarray l p a h1)"
unfolding Array.length_def subarray_def by (cases p, auto)
with left_subarray_remains part_conds1 pivot_unchanged
have part_conds2': "∀j. j ∈ set (subarray l p a h') ⟶ j ≤ Array.get h' a ! p"
by (simp, subst set_mset_mset[symmetric], simp)
from quicksort_outer_remains [OF qs1] length_remains
have right_subarray_remains: "subarray (p + 1) (r + 1) a h1 = subarray (p + 1) (r + 1) a h2"
by (auto simp add: subarray_eq_samelength_iff)
from quicksort_outer_remains [OF qs2] quicksort_permutes [OF qs2] True
length_remains 1(5) pivot mset_nths [of "p + 1" "r + 1" "Array.get h2 a" "Array.get h' a"]
have multiset_partconds2: "mset (subarray (p + 1) (r + 1) a h') = mset (subarray (p + 1) (r + 1) a h2)"
unfolding Array.length_def subarray_def by auto
with right_subarray_remains part_conds2 pivot_unchanged
have part_conds1': "∀j. j ∈ set (subarray (p + 1) (r + 1) a h') ⟶ Array.get h' a ! p ≤ j"
by (simp, subst set_mset_mset[symmetric], simp)
from True pivot 1(5) length_remains have "subarray l (r + 1) a h' = subarray l p a h' @ [Array.get h' a ! p] @ subarray (p + 1) (r + 1) a h'"
by (simp add: subarray_nth_array_Cons, cases "l < p") (auto simp add: subarray_append subarray_Nil)
with IH1' IH2 part_conds1' part_conds2' pivot have ?thesis
unfolding subarray_def
apply (auto simp add: sorted_append all_in_set_nths'_conv)
by (auto simp add: set_nths' dest: order.trans [of _ "Array.get h' a ! p"])
}
with True cr show ?thesis
unfolding quicksort.simps [of a l r]
by (elim effect_ifE effect_returnE effect_bindE effect_assertE) auto
qed
qed
lemma quicksort_is_sort:
assumes effect: "effect (quicksort a 0 (Array.length h a - 1)) h h' rs"
shows "Array.get h' a = sort (Array.get h a)"
proof (cases "Array.get h a = []")
case True
with quicksort_is_skip[OF effect] show ?thesis
unfolding Array.length_def by simp
next
case False
from quicksort_sorts [OF effect] False have "sorted (nths' 0 (List.length (Array.get h a)) (Array.get h' a))"
unfolding Array.length_def subarray_def by auto
with length_remains[OF effect] have "sorted (Array.get h' a)"
unfolding Array.length_def by simp
with quicksort_permutes [OF effect] properties_for_sort show ?thesis by fastforce
qed
subsection ‹No Errors in quicksort›
text ‹We have proved that quicksort sorts (if no exceptions occur).
We will now show that exceptions do not occur.›
lemma success_part1I:
assumes "l < Array.length h a" "r < Array.length h a"
shows "success (part1 a l r p) h"
using assms
proof (induct a l r p arbitrary: h rule: part1.induct)
case (1 a l r p)
thus ?case unfolding part1.simps [of a l r]
apply (auto intro!: success_intros simp add: not_le)
apply (auto intro!: effect_intros)
done
qed
lemma success_bindI' [success_intros]:
assumes "success f h"
assumes "⋀h' r. effect f h h' r ⟹ success (g r) h'"
shows "success (f ⤜ g) h"
using assms(1) proof (rule success_effectE)
fix h' r
assume *: "effect f h h' r"
with assms(2) have "success (g r) h'" .
with * show "success (f ⤜ g) h" by (rule success_bind_effectI)
qed
lemma success_partitionI:
assumes "l < r" "l < Array.length h a" "r < Array.length h a"
shows "success (partition a l r) h"
using assms unfolding partition.simps swap_def
apply (auto intro!: success_bindI' success_ifI success_returnI success_nthI success_updI success_part1I elim!: effect_bindE effect_updE effect_nthE effect_returnE simp add:)
apply (frule part_length_remains)
apply (frule part_returns_index_in_bounds)
apply auto
apply (frule part_length_remains)
apply (frule part_returns_index_in_bounds)
apply auto
apply (frule part_length_remains)
apply auto
done
lemma success_quicksortI:
assumes "l < Array.length h a" "r < Array.length h a"
shows "success (quicksort a l r) h"
using assms
proof (induct a l r arbitrary: h rule: quicksort.induct)
case (1 a l ri h)
thus ?case
unfolding quicksort.simps [of a l ri]
apply (auto intro!: success_ifI success_bindI' success_returnI success_nthI success_updI success_assertI success_partitionI)
apply (frule partition_returns_index_in_bounds)
apply auto
apply (frule partition_returns_index_in_bounds)
apply auto
apply (auto elim!: effect_assertE dest!: partition_length_remains length_remains)
apply (subgoal_tac "Suc r ≤ ri ∨ r = ri")
apply (erule disjE)
apply auto
unfolding quicksort.simps [of a "Suc ri" ri]
apply (auto intro!: success_ifI success_returnI)
done
qed
subsection ‹Example›
definition "qsort a = do {
k ← Array.len a;
quicksort a 0 (k - 1);
return a
}"
code_reserved SML upto
definition "example = do {
a ← Array.of_list ([42, 2, 3, 5, 0, 1705, 8, 3, 15] :: nat list);
qsort a
}"
ML_val ‹@{code example} ()›
export_code qsort checking SML SML_imp OCaml? OCaml_imp? Haskell? Scala Scala_imp
end